Carnatic Music is known as the most prominent form of music. Music muses into itself, various art forms, poetry, dance, drama,what not!. Known unanimously as the mother of all art forms, Music is a bliss to the appreciating ear. It is immense knowledge to the alert mind and divine wisdom to the stable soul. It is health and happiness to the lively body and a lesson to lead a beautiful life. It is the easiest and the most efficient way to salvation, for, most of the compositions are the glorious praises of the lord almighty, with such admiration, gratitude, devotion and surrender.
Carnatic- the word literally means "pleasure to the ear".
While listening to a Carnatic music concert, to identify the raga is the most challenging aspect. Raaga recognition gets easier through experience. It is done either by thorough understanding of the Raaga Lakshana, rather the Bhava(feel) of the Raaga, or through deep inspection of each swara that occurs in the rendition (Swara Gnyan).
Every Raaga being rendered could be a janya raga, or a melakarta. Melakatas are the 7-7 complete, ordered raagas, 72 in number, divided into 12 cycles, where each cycle is called a CHAKRA . Each Chakra consists of 6 Raagas.
1. INDHU CHAKRAM: Moon is the single star to earth, In Numerology, one is called as chandra.
in this chakram
1. kanakAngi
2. RatnAngi
3. GAnamUrti
4. Vanspati
5. MAnavati
6. TAnarUpi
2. NETRA CHAKRAM: As per Numerology, two indicates netra, the eyes.
7. senApati
8. HanumattOdi
9. Dhenuka
10. NAtakapriya
11. KOkilapriya
12. RUpavati
3.AGNI CHAKRAM: As per Numberology Gaarvapatya, aahavaneeya, dakshinaglulu are three agni forms. Agni is considered number three.
13. GAyapriya
14. VakulAbharanam
15. MAyAmAlavagowLa
16. ChakravAkam
17. sUryakAntham
18. HatakAmbari
4.VEDA CHAKRAM : As vedas are 4 in number, numerology gives the number 4 to vedas
19. JhankAradhvani
20. NaThabhairavi
21. KeeravAni
22. Kharaharapriya
23. GowrImanOhari
24. VaruNapriya
5. BAANA CHAKRAM
25. MAra ranjani
26. ChArukESi
27. sarasAngi
28. HarikAmbhoji
29. Dheera SankarAbharanam
30. Naaganandini
6.RUTHU CHAKRAM :
31. YAgapriya
32. RAgavardhani
33. GAngEyabhushini
34. VAgadheeSwari
35. SUlini
36. ChalanAta
7.RUSHI CHAKRAM: Maharshis are 7 in number. From saptharshi word, 7 got the significance
37. sAlagam
38. JalArNavam
39. JhUlavarAli
40. Navaneetham
41. PAvani
42. Raghupriya
8.VASU CHAKRAM: Asta vasuvulu are 8 in number.
43. GavAmbodhi
44. BhAvapriya
45. SubhapantuvarALi
46. ShadvidhamArgiNi
47. suvarnAngi
48. Divyamani
9.GRAHA CHAKRAM : planets are 9 in number. Also prajapathis and brahmapadamu represent 9.
49. DhavalAmbari
50. NAma nArAyaNi
51. KAma vardhini
52. RAma priya
53. Gamana Srama
54. ViSwAmbari
10. DIK CHAKRAM : Directions are 10 in number
55. SyamalAngi
56. Shanmukhapriya
57. simhEndramadhyamam
58. HEmavathi
59. Dharmavathi
60. Neethimathi
11.RUDHRA CHAKRAM: ekadshi rudras are 11 in number
61. KAnthAmaNi
62. Rushabhapriya
63. LatAngi
64. VAchaspati
65. MEchakaLyANi
66. ChitrAmbhari
12.ADITYA CHAKRAM A reference to dwAdaSa AdityAs
67. Sucharitra
68. JyOthiswarUpiNi
69. DhAtuvardhini
70. NAsikAbhUshiNi
71. KOsalam
72. Rasikapriya
The 12 chakras are further divided into two sub-cycles, first half for Suddha Madhyama raagas and the next, for Prati Madhyama raagas. There's a similarity in the arrangement of raagas in within the cycle, and between the cycles as well.
As there are 7 swaras (sapta swaras) , there are 12 swara sthAnAs (variations in swaras).
Further, it can be rather told as 16 swara sthAnAs in total ( shodaSa swara sthAnAs ) than dwAdaSa swara sthAnAs. This takes into consideration variations of ri, ga, da and ni, where the frequency of ri3 is the same as that of ga1 and da3 is the same as the ni1.
1. sa - 1) shadjamam
2. ri - rishabham - 2) Suddha rishabham (r1)
3) chatuSruti rishabham (r2)
4) shatSruti rishabham (r3)
3. ga - gAndhAram-5) Suddha gAndhAram (g1)
6) sAdhAraNa gAndhAram (g2)
7) antara gAndhAram (g3)
4. ma- madhyamam-8) Suddha madhyamam (m1)
9) prati madhyamam (m2)
5. pa - 10) panchamam
6. da- daivatam - 11)Suddha daivatam (d1)
12)chatuSruti daivatam (d2)
13)shatSruti daivatam (d3)
7. ni- nishAdam- 14) Suddha nishAdam (n1)
15) kaiSika nishAdam (n2)
16) kAkali nishAdam (n3)
The invariable swaras, sa and pa are called the Prakruti swarAs. These remain constant no matter what. There can be janya ragas that do not contain sa or pa as well.
KA TA PA YAdi sutra
When the swara SthAnAs in the rAga are clear, from the above cycle, one can name the mElakarta rAga. For example, a Raga with the scale :
sa r2 ga2 ma1 pa da2 ni2 sa. - sa. ni2 da2 pa ma1 ga2 ri2 sa can be easily identified as SankarAbharaNam from the number 29, as in the above cycle illustration. ( the mUrchana or the scale is the idea about the Raga, ArOhaNa-avarOhaNa being the two parts in it, with a tAra shadjamam (sa.) included in it.)
The reverse of this phenomenon is also possible. In case, the rAga is totally new to you and you wish to know what is being rendered, and someone names it rAmapriya, you can calculate the mElakarta number, and thus understand the swara sthAnAs. Some rAgAs like SankarAbharaNam, kaLyANi and todi have prefixes, they're rather called dhIraSankarAbharaNam, mEchakaLyANi and hanumattOdi.
The sanskrit alphabet are divided firmly into 4 groups or vargAs under this formula.
1.ka varg क
2.Ta varg ट
3. pa varg प
4. ya varg य
The letter "rA" has got the number 2, and "ma", 5. It's 25! Now, the number ought to be reversed, which turns out to be 52. Is that right? Let's go up and check.
Now, try for some other rAga of your choice. Fun, ain't it?
Carnatic- the word literally means "pleasure to the ear".
While listening to a Carnatic music concert, to identify the raga is the most challenging aspect. Raaga recognition gets easier through experience. It is done either by thorough understanding of the Raaga Lakshana, rather the Bhava(feel) of the Raaga, or through deep inspection of each swara that occurs in the rendition (Swara Gnyan).
Every Raaga being rendered could be a janya raga, or a melakarta. Melakatas are the 7-7 complete, ordered raagas, 72 in number, divided into 12 cycles, where each cycle is called a CHAKRA . Each Chakra consists of 6 Raagas.
1. INDHU CHAKRAM: Moon is the single star to earth, In Numerology, one is called as chandra.
in this chakram
1. kanakAngi
2. RatnAngi
3. GAnamUrti
4. Vanspati
5. MAnavati
6. TAnarUpi
2. NETRA CHAKRAM: As per Numerology, two indicates netra, the eyes.
7. senApati
8. HanumattOdi
9. Dhenuka
10. NAtakapriya
11. KOkilapriya
12. RUpavati
3.AGNI CHAKRAM: As per Numberology Gaarvapatya, aahavaneeya, dakshinaglulu are three agni forms. Agni is considered number three.
13. GAyapriya
14. VakulAbharanam
15. MAyAmAlavagowLa
16. ChakravAkam
17. sUryakAntham
18. HatakAmbari
4.VEDA CHAKRAM : As vedas are 4 in number, numerology gives the number 4 to vedas
19. JhankAradhvani
20. NaThabhairavi
21. KeeravAni
22. Kharaharapriya
23. GowrImanOhari
24. VaruNapriya
5. BAANA CHAKRAM
25. MAra ranjani
26. ChArukESi
27. sarasAngi
28. HarikAmbhoji
29. Dheera SankarAbharanam
30. Naaganandini
6.RUTHU CHAKRAM :
31. YAgapriya
32. RAgavardhani
33. GAngEyabhushini
34. VAgadheeSwari
35. SUlini
36. ChalanAta
7.RUSHI CHAKRAM: Maharshis are 7 in number. From saptharshi word, 7 got the significance
37. sAlagam
38. JalArNavam
39. JhUlavarAli
40. Navaneetham
41. PAvani
42. Raghupriya
8.VASU CHAKRAM: Asta vasuvulu are 8 in number.
43. GavAmbodhi
44. BhAvapriya
45. SubhapantuvarALi
46. ShadvidhamArgiNi
47. suvarnAngi
48. Divyamani
9.GRAHA CHAKRAM : planets are 9 in number. Also prajapathis and brahmapadamu represent 9.
49. DhavalAmbari
50. NAma nArAyaNi
51. KAma vardhini
52. RAma priya
53. Gamana Srama
54. ViSwAmbari
10. DIK CHAKRAM : Directions are 10 in number
55. SyamalAngi
56. Shanmukhapriya
57. simhEndramadhyamam
58. HEmavathi
59. Dharmavathi
60. Neethimathi
11.RUDHRA CHAKRAM: ekadshi rudras are 11 in number
61. KAnthAmaNi
62. Rushabhapriya
63. LatAngi
64. VAchaspati
65. MEchakaLyANi
66. ChitrAmbhari
12.ADITYA CHAKRAM A reference to dwAdaSa AdityAs
67. Sucharitra
68. JyOthiswarUpiNi
69. DhAtuvardhini
70. NAsikAbhUshiNi
71. KOsalam
72. Rasikapriya
The Orientation
The 12 chakras are further divided into two sub-cycles, first half for Suddha Madhyama raagas and the next, for Prati Madhyama raagas. There's a similarity in the arrangement of raagas in within the cycle, and between the cycles as well.
As there are 7 swaras (sapta swaras) , there are 12 swara sthAnAs (variations in swaras).
Further, it can be rather told as 16 swara sthAnAs in total ( shodaSa swara sthAnAs ) than dwAdaSa swara sthAnAs. This takes into consideration variations of ri, ga, da and ni, where the frequency of ri3 is the same as that of ga1 and da3 is the same as the ni1.
1. sa - 1) shadjamam
2. ri - rishabham - 2) Suddha rishabham (r1)
3) chatuSruti rishabham (r2)
4) shatSruti rishabham (r3)
3. ga - gAndhAram-5) Suddha gAndhAram (g1)
6) sAdhAraNa gAndhAram (g2)
7) antara gAndhAram (g3)
4. ma- madhyamam-8) Suddha madhyamam (m1)
9) prati madhyamam (m2)
5. pa - 10) panchamam
6. da- daivatam - 11)Suddha daivatam (d1)
12)chatuSruti daivatam (d2)
13)shatSruti daivatam (d3)
7. ni- nishAdam- 14) Suddha nishAdam (n1)
15) kaiSika nishAdam (n2)
16) kAkali nishAdam (n3)
The invariable swaras, sa and pa are called the Prakruti swarAs. These remain constant no matter what. There can be janya ragas that do not contain sa or pa as well.
KA TA PA YAdi sutra
When the swara SthAnAs in the rAga are clear, from the above cycle, one can name the mElakarta rAga. For example, a Raga with the scale :
sa r2 ga2 ma1 pa da2 ni2 sa. - sa. ni2 da2 pa ma1 ga2 ri2 sa can be easily identified as SankarAbharaNam from the number 29, as in the above cycle illustration. ( the mUrchana or the scale is the idea about the Raga, ArOhaNa-avarOhaNa being the two parts in it, with a tAra shadjamam (sa.) included in it.)
The reverse of this phenomenon is also possible. In case, the rAga is totally new to you and you wish to know what is being rendered, and someone names it rAmapriya, you can calculate the mElakarta number, and thus understand the swara sthAnAs. Some rAgAs like SankarAbharaNam, kaLyANi and todi have prefixes, they're rather called dhIraSankarAbharaNam, mEchakaLyANi and hanumattOdi.
The sanskrit alphabet are divided firmly into 4 groups or vargAs under this formula.
1.ka varg क
2.Ta varg ट
3. pa varg प
4. ya varg य
The letter "rA" has got the number 2, and "ma", 5. It's 25! Now, the number ought to be reversed, which turns out to be 52. Is that right? Let's go up and check.
Now, try for some other rAga of your choice. Fun, ain't it?
Now, this is all about the identification of mElakartAs. The rAga being rendered need not be necessarily a mElakarta, it can as well be a janya rAga. We will discuss janya rAgAs in yet another post. :D
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